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Copyright © Phil Konstantin (1996-2005) Tribal Name Meanings

Many tribal names mean "People," "Us," "human beings," or similar words. The names below are for those groups whose name has another meaning. Some tribes’ names were acquired from Europeans using a second tribe's name for the first tribe. The "New Name" was used so much, it gained an "official" status or became the common name. In many cases, tribal name origins are lost in the mists of history. Some definitions below are based on conjecture by historians. In some cases, some tribal members would agree with the names below, while other members will not. In essence, this is a list of commonly used definitions.



I do not keep, nor have I researched, a list of personal names in a variety of American Indian languages.
If you are looking for a name for your child, house or pet (etc.), I suggest asking the experts who operate a website listed in the section below.

Language links
Cherokee Word list from the Cherokee Nation website
Online Cherokee Dictionary
Miami Language
Lakhota Words
Cheyenne Language Web Site
Choctaw Language
Blackfoot Language
Comanche Language
Navajo
A Few Words in Nez Perce




A'ani':               white clay people
Abnaki:               those living at the sunrise (easterners)
Achomawi:             river, people that live at the river 
Acolapissa:           those who listen and see
Agaidika:             salmon eaters
Ahousaht:             facing opposite from the ocean, people living with their backs to the land and mountains
Ahtena:               ice people
Aitchelitz:           bottom
Akun'kunik':          people of the place of the flying head
Akwesasne:            land where the partridge drums
Alabama:              I clear the thicket
Apache:               enemy (Zuni word)
Apalachicola:         people of the other side
Apalachee:            people of the other side
A’qam:                people of the dense forest or brush
Arikara:              horns or elk people, or corn eaters
Assiniboin:           ones who cook using stones (Ojibwa word)
Atakapa:              man eater
Atsina:               white clay people
Atsugewi:             hat creek indians
Avoyel:               people of the rocks
Bayogoula:            people of the bayou
Bidai:                brushwood (Caddo word)
Brule:                burned thighs
Caddo:                true chiefs
Canim:                canoe, broken rock
Cayuga:               place locusts were taken out, people at the mucky land
Cayuse:               stones or rocks (French-Canadian word)
Chakchiuma:           red crawfish people
Cheam:                wild strawberry place, the place to always get strawberries
Chehalis:             sand, beating Heart
Cherokee:             cave people (Choctaw word), people of different speech (Creek word) 
Cheslatta:            top of a small mountain, small rock mountain at the east side
Chetco:               close to the mouth of the stream
Cheyenne:             red talkers (Dakota word), little Cree (Lakota word)
Chickahominy:         hominy people
Chipwyan:             pointed skins (Cree word)
Chitimacha:           they have cooking vessels
Chontal:              stranger (Nahuatl word)
Choula:               fox
Chowanoc:             people  at the south
Chumash:              people who make the shell bead money
Clallam:              strong people
Clatsop:              dried salmon
Clayoquot:            people of other tribes
Cocopah:              river people
Coeur d’Alene:        those who are found here or heart of an awl (french words)
Comanche:             anyone who wants to fight me all the time (Ute word)
Comox:                place of abundance
Cowichan:             warm country, land warmed by the sun
Crow:                 crow, sparrowhawk, bird people
Dakota:               allie
Ehdiitat Gwich'in:    people who live among timber or spruce
Erie:                 long tail or cat people (Iroquois word)
Eskimo:               eaters of raw meat (Algonquin or Cree word)
Esquimalt:            the place of gradually shoaling water
Fox:                  red earth people
Gingolx:              the place of the skulls
Gitanmaax:            People who fish with burning torches
Gitwangak:            Place of Rabbits
Gwich'in:             people who live at a certain place
Gros Ventre:          big bellies, one who cooks with a stone, he cooks by roasting (see Atsina)
Hach winik:           true people
Hagwilget:            gentle or quiet people
Han:                  those who live along the river
Havasupai:            people of the blue green water
Heiltsuk:             to speak or act correctly
Hesquiaht:            people of the sound made by eating herring eggs off eel grass
Hidatsa:              willow (speculation)
Hiute:                bowmen
Hohokam:              those who have gone
Honniasont:           wearing something around the neck
Hopi:                 peaceful ones, people who live in a peaceful way
Houma:                red
Huchnom:              mountain people
Hul'qumi'num:         those who speak the same language
Hunkpapa:             campers at the opening of the circle
Hupa:                 trinity river
Huron:                ruffian (French word)
Hwal'bay (Hualapai):  people of the tall pines  
Ihanktonwan:          dwellers at the end
Ihanktonwana:         little dwellers at the end        
Iowa:                 sleepy ones (Dakota word)
Iroquois:             real adders (Snake) or we of the extended lodge
Jatibonicu:           people of the great sacred high waters
Jatibonuco:           great people of the sacred high waters
Jicaque:              ancient person (Nahuatl word)
Jicarilla:            little basket weaver (Spanish word)
Kainai:               many chiefs
Kamloops:             the meeting of the waters
Kan-hatki:            white earth
Kanienkahaka:         people of the place of flint
Kanza:                people of the south wind
Karok:                upstream
Kaskaskia:            he scrapes it off by means of a tool
Kato:                 lake
Kawchottine:          people of the great hares
Ketsei:               going in wet sand
Kickapoo:             he stands about
Kiowa:                principal people, pulling out, coming out, people of the large tent flaps
Kispiox:              people of the hiding place
Kitamaat:             people of the falling snow
Kitkatla:             people of the salt, village by the sea
Kitselas:             people of the canyon
Kitsumkalum:          people of the plateau
Klallam:              strong people
Klamath:              people of the lake
Kluskus:              place of small whitefish
Kotsoteka:            buffalo eaters
Kutcha-kutchin:       those who live on the flats
Kuupangaxwichem       people who slept here
Kuyuidokado:          cui-ui eaters
Kwayhquitlum:         stinking fish slime
Kwuda:                people coming out
Lakota                friend or ally (same with Dakota and Nakota)
Latgawa:              those living in the uplands
Lenni Lenape:         genuine men
Lheidli T'enneh:      people of the confluence of the two rivers
Lillooet:             wild onion
Loucheux:             people with slanted or crossed eyes 
Machapunga:           bad dust
Mahican:              wolf (incorrect translation per the Mohican Nation, Stockbridge-Munsee Band)
Makah:                cape people
Malahat:              infested with caterpillars, place where one gets bait
Maliseet:             broken talkers
Maricopa:             people who live toward the water
Massachuset:          at the hills
Matsqui:              easy portage, easy travelling
Mdewankantonwan:      dwellers of the spirit lake
Menominee:            wild rice men
Metlakatla:           a passage connecting two bodies of salt water
Miami:                people on the peninsula, cry of the crane       
Michigamea:           great water
Miniconjou:           planters by water
Minnetaree:           they crossed the water
Minqua:               stealthy
Missouri:             great muddy, people with wooden canoes
Moapa:                mosquito creek people
Moatokni:             southerners
Modoc:                southerners
Mohave:               three mountains, people of the water/river
Mohawk:               the possessors of the flint, coward or man eater (Abenaki words)
Mohegan:              wolf
Mohican:              the people of the waters that are never still
Moneton:              big water people
Munsee:               at the place where the stones are gathered together
Musqueam:             place always to get iris plant root
Nahane:               people of the west
Nak'azdli:            when arrows were flying
Narragansett:         people of the small point
Nanticoke:            people of the tidewaters
Nanoose:              to push forward
Natsit-kutchin:       those who live off the flats
Navajo:               cultivated field in an arroyo (Tewa word)
Nehalem:              where the people live
Nicomen:              level part
Nihtat Gwich'in:      people living together as a mixture
Nipmuck:              freshwater fishing place
Nokoni:               those who turn back
Nooksack:             mountain men
Nootka:               along the coast
Oglala:               scatters their own
Ojibwa:               to roast till puckered up
Okanagan:             head, top of head
Okelousa:             blackwater
Okmulgee:             where water boils up
Omaha:                upstream people or people going against the current
Oneida:               a boulder standing up, people of the standing stone
Onondaga:             people on top of the hills
Opata:                hostile people (Pima word)
Ottawa:               to trade
Otto:                 lechers 
Oweekeno:             those who carry on the back, people talking right
Pahodja:              dusty nones
Pakiutlema:           people of the gap
Pamunkey:             rising upland
Pantch-pinunkansh:    men altogether red
Papagos:              desert people, bean people
Pascagoula:           bread people
Passamaquoddy:        plenty of pollock
Paugusset:            where the narrows open out
Pawnee:               horn people, men of men, look like wolves
Pechanga:             place where the water drips
Penateka:             honey eaters
Penelakut:            something buried
Pennacook:            down hill
Penobscot:            it forks on the white rocks or the descending ledge place,
                           at the stone place
Pensacola:            hair people
Penticton:            permanent place, always place
People of the lakes:  tribes near the great lakes       
Peoria:               carrying a pack on his back
Pequot:               fox people or destroyers
Piegan:               scabby robes
Piikani:              poor robe
Pilthlako:            big swamp
Pima:                 river people
Pojoaque:             drinking place 
Potawatomi:           people of the place of the fire, keepers of the fire,
                           (fire nation, fire people)
Powhatan:             falls in a current of water
Pshwanwapam:          stony ground
Puyallup:             shadow
Qawishwallanavetum:   people that live among the rocks
Quahadi:              antelope
Qualicum:             where the dog salmon run
Quapaw:               downstream people
Quatsino:             downstream people
Sac:                  people of the yellow earth or people of the outlet
Salish:               flatheads
Sans Arc:             without bows
Schaghticoke:         at the river forks
Schitsu'umsh:         the ones that were found here
Sekani:               dwellers on the rocks
Semiahmoo:            half moon
Seminole:             separatist or breakaway,peninsula people
Seneca:               place of stone, people of the standing rock, great hill people
Shawnee:              south or southerners
Sicangu:              burned thighs
Sihasapa Sioux:       blackfeet
Siksika:              blackfeet
Sioux:                snake (French version of other tribe's name)
Sisitonwan:           dwellers of the fish ground
Siska:                uncle, lots of cracks in the rocks
Skidegate:            red paint stone
Skokomish:            river people
Skookumchuck:         strong water
Snuneymuxw:           people of many names
Spallumcheen:         flat along edge
Spuzzum:              little flat
Sts'Ailes:            the beating Heart
Sumas:                big flat opening
Tahltan:              something heavy in the water
Taino:                we the good people
Takelma:              those living along the river
Tamarois:             out tail 
Tanima:               liver eaters
Tangipahoa:           corn gatherers
Tantawats:            southern men
Tatsanottine:         people of the copper water
Tawakoni:             river bend among red hills
Teetl'it Gwich'in:    people who live at the head of the waters
Tejas:                friendly
Tenawa:               down stream
Tennuth-ketchin:      middle people
Teton:                dwellers of the prairie
Tewa:                 moccasins
Thlingchadinne:       dog-flank people
Titonwan:             dwellers of the plains
Tl'azt'en:            people by the edge of the bay
Tonawanda:            confluent stream
Tonkawa:              they all stay together or most human of people
Toquaht:              people of the narrow place in front, people of the narrow channel
Tsa-mee-nis:          bitten breast
Tsattine:             lives among the beavers
Tsawout:              houses raised up
Tsawwassen:           beach at the mouth, facing the sea
Tsay Keh Dene:        people of the mountains
Tsetsaut:             people of the interior (Niska word)
Tseycum:              clay people
Tsleil-Waututh:       people of the inlet
Tubatulabal:          pinenut eaters (Shoshone word)
Tukudika:             sheep eater
Tuscarora:            hemp gatherers, the shirt wearing people
Two Kettle:           two boilings
Uchuckledaht:         there inside the bay
Ulkatcho:             good feeding place where animals get fat
Unalachtgo:           tidewater people
Viniintaii Gwich'in:  people who live on or by the caribou trail
Vuntut Gwitch’in:     dwellers among the lakes
Vvunta-ketchin:       those who live among the lakes 
Wahpekute:            shooters amoung the leaves
Wahpetonwan:          dwellers amoung the leaves
Wailaki:              north language (Wintun word)
Wakokai:              blue heron breeding place
Walapai:              pine tree people
Wallawalla:           little river
Wampanoag:            eastern people
Wappo:                brave
Waptailmin:           people of the narrow river
Wasco:                cup, those who have the cup
Whel mux:             people of spirit, people of breath
Wichita:              big arbor (Choctaw word)
Winnebago:            filthy water people
Wiwohka:              roaring water
Wyandot:              people of the peninsula, islanders
Yakama:               runaway
Yamparika:            rooteaters or yapeaters
Yaqan nukiy:          the people where the rock is standing
Yavapai:              people of the sun, crooked mouth people
Yoncalla:             those living at ayankeld
Yuchi:                situated yonder
Yuhavitam:            people of the pines
Yuki:                 stranger (Wintun word)
Yurok:                downstream (Karok word)


Alternative Tribal Names Many tribes have more than one name. Some tribes have a name they give to the world, and another name which was meant to be used only amongst themselves. Some tribes became known by the names other tribes called them. For example, Cherokee is name given to them by others. Eventually, so many Europeans/Americans and other tribes called them this, they adopted the name. Here is an example of the many names given to the Cherokee. It comes from "The Indian Tribes of North America" by John R. Swanton:
	Alligewi or Alleghanys, a people appearing in Delaware tradition who were perhaps
	    identical with this tribe.
 	Ani'-Kitu'hwagi, own name, from one of their most important ancient settlements,
	    and extended by Algonquian tribes to the whole. 									
	Ani'-Yun'-wiya', own name, meaning "real people." 
	Baniatho, Arapaho name (Gatschet, MS., B.A.E.). 
	Entari ronnon, Wyandot name, meaning "mountain people." 
	Manteran Catawba name, meaning "coming out of the ground." 
	Ochie'tari-ronnon, a Wyandot name. 
	Oyata' ge'ronon, Iroquois name, meaning "inhabitants of the cave country." 
	Shanaki, Gaddo name. 
	Shannakiak, Fox name (Gatschet, Fox MS., B. A. E.). 
	Talligewi, Delaware name (in Walam Olum), see Alligewi. 
	Tcaike, Tonkawa name. 
	Tcerokieco, Wichita name. 
	Uwatayo-rono, Wyandot name, meaning "cave people." 
There are many variations on how Europeans spelled tribal names. Lewis and Clark refer to the IOWA (pronounced Eye-oh-way) Indians with spellings which varied from page to page in their journal. I have not included every possible phonetic spelling, just some of the major ones. One additional point, some tribes have been referred to by a name which is not their real name, nor do they officially acknowledge that name. However, because it has been misused so often, I have listed the incorrect name. I have listed it so readers could understand the original references in the Dates section of this book.

Abenaki (western):      Alnonba, Abnaki
Adai:                   Nateo
Adamstown:              Upper Mattaponi
Alabama:                Alibamu
Aleut:                  Alutiiq, Unangan
Anadarko:               Nadaco
Apache:                 N de,Tinneh, Dine, Tinde, Unde, Shis inde,
Apache Mohave:          Yavapai
Appomattoc:             Apamatuks
Arapahoe:               Inunaina, Atsina
Arikara:                Northern Pawnee, Ricara, Ree
Assiniboin:             Hohe
Athapaskan:             Dene								
Atsina:                 Haaninin
Aztec:                  Nahua, Nahuatl
Bannock:                Panaiti 
Bear River Indians:     Niekeni
Bellabella:             Heiltsuqu, Heiltsuk
Bellacoola:             Nuxalk
Blackfeet/Blackfoot:    Niitsitapi, Nitsi-tapi, Piegan, Ahpikuni, Pikuni (northern); Siksika, Sisaka (southern), Sihasapa, Ahkainah
Blood:                  Kainai, Ahkainah
Boothroyd:              Chomok
Brule Sioux:            Si can gu
Caddo:                  Adai, Eyeish, Hasinai, Hainai, Kadohodacho, Kadohadacho Confederacy, Natchitoches  
Calusa:                 Calos, Carlos, Muspa
Campo:                  Kumeyaay
Carrier:                Wet'suwet'en
Catawba:                Esaw, Ushery
Cayuga:                 Kweniogwen, Iroquois
Cayuse:                 Wailetpu, Te-taw-ken
Chakchiuma:             Shaktci Homma
Chehalis:               Sts'Ailes
Chemainus:              Tsa-mee-nis
Chemehuevi:             Tantawats
Chetco:                 Tolowa
Cherokee:               Tsa-la-gi, Ani-yun-wiya, Anikituhwagi, Keetowah
Cheyenne:               Dzi tsi stas, Sowonia (southern), O mi sis (northern)
Chippewa:               Ojibwa
Chitimacha:             Pantch-pinunkansh
Choctaw:                Chakchiuma, Chatot
Chumash:                Santa Barbara Indians
Clackamas:              Guithlakimas
Clallam:                S'klallam, Nusklaim,Tlalem
Cocopah:                Xawitt Kunyavaei
Coeur d'Alene:          Skitswish, Schee chu'umsch, Schitsu'umsh
Comanche:               Detsanayuka, Kotsoteka, Nermernuh, Noconi, Nokoni, Numunuu,
                                Padouca (Sioux word), Penateka, Pennande, Quahadi, Yamparika 
Comox:                  Catloltx
Copane:                 Kopano, Quevenes
Cora:                   Nayarit
Coree:                  Coranine
Coushatta:              Koasati, Acoste
Cree:                   Kenistenoag, Iyiniwok, Nehiawak or Nay-hee-uh-wuk (Plains Cree), Sah-cow-ee-noo-wuk (bush Cree) 
Creek:                  Muskogee, Abihika, Abeika, Hitchiti
Crow:                   Absaroke, Apsaalooke      
Cupenos:                Kuupangaxwichem  
Cuthead:                Pabaksa
Delaware:               Lenni Lenape, Lenape, Abnaki, Alnanbai, Wampanoag, Munsee, Unami,
                                Unalachitgo, Powhatan-Renápe
Dieguenos:              Comeya, Tipai, Ipai, Kumeyaay
Ditidaht:               Nitinaht 
Eskimo:                 Inuit, Inupiat, Inuvialuit, Yupik 
Equimalt:               Is-Whoy-Malth
Fox:                    Mesquaki 
Gabrieleno:             Tongva
Ganawese:               Conoys, Piscataways
Gitanyow:               Kitwancool
Gitxsan:                Tsimshian 
Goshute:                Kusiutta 
Gros Ventre:            Atsina (prairie), Hidatsa (Missouri), A'ani', Ah-ah-nee-nin, Minnetaree
Gwich'in:               Loucheux 
Hainai:                 Ioni
Havasupai:              Suppai
Heiltsuk:               Hailhazakv
Hidatsa:                Gros Venture
Hohokam:                Hoo-hoogam
Hopi:                   Hopitu, Hopitu Shinumu, Moqui, Hapeka
Hualapai:               Hwal'bay, Walapai
Hupa:                   Natinnohhoi
Huron:                  Wendat, Wyandot
Ingalik Athapaskans:    Deg Het'an
Iowa:                   Pahodja
Iroquois:               Haudenosaunee, Hodenosaunee, Ongwanosionni, Hotinonshonni
Jemez:                  Tuwa
Jicarilla Apache:       Tinde
Kalispel:               Pend d'Oreilles
Kamia:                  Tipai
Kansa:                  Hutanga, Kansas, Kanza, Kaw, 
Kato:                   Tlokeang
Keres:                  Pueblo, Acoma, Cochiti, Isleta, Laguna, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Santo Domingo, Zia
Kickapoo:               Kiwigapawa     
Kiowa:                  Kwuda, Tepda, Tepkinago, Gaigwu, Kompabianta, Kauigu
Kiowa Apache:           Nadiisha Dena
Klamath:                Eukshikni Maklaks, Auksni
Klickitat:              Qwulhhwaipum
Kootenai:               Kuronoqa, Kutenai, Kootenay, Yaqan nukiy, Akun'kunik', Ktunaxa
Koso:                   Panamint
Ktunaxa:                Kootenay
Kumeyaay:               Diegueño, Barona, Sycuan, Viejas, Campo, Cuyapaipe, Ewiiaapaayp, 
Kutchin:                Gwich'in
Kutenai:                Asanka
Lancandon:              Maya
Lemhi Shoshone:         Agaidika, Salmon Eaters, Tukudika, Sheep Eater
Loucheux:               Gwich'in 
Lillooet:               Lil'wat, St'át'imc, T'it'kit
Lipan:                  Naizhan
Lower Sioux:            Mdewakanton, Wahpekute
Luiseño:                Ataxum, La Jolla, Pechanga, Soboba, Quechnajuichom
Lumbee:                 Cheraw
Maicopa:                Xalychidom Piipaash, Pipatsji
Makah:                  Kwenetchechat, Kwi-dai-da'ch
Mandan:                 Metutahanke  or Mawatani (after 1837), Numakaki (before 1837)
Manhattan:              Rechgawawank
Manso:                  Maise, Mansa, Manse, Manxo, Gorreta, Gorrite, Tanpachoa 
Maricopa:               Xalychidom Piipaash, Xalchidom Pii-pash, Pipatsje, Pee-posh
Miami:                  Twightwis, Twa-h-twa-h, Oumameg
Micmac:                 Mi'kmaq
Miniconjou:             Mnikawozu, Mnikowoju, Minnicoujou
Missouri:               Niutachi
Moapa:                  Moapariats
Modoc:                  Moatokni, Okkowish
Mohave:                 Mojave, Tzinamaa, Ahamakav, Hamakhava
Mohawk:                 Kanienkahaka, Kaniengehage, Abenaki, Iroquois
Mohican:                Muh-he-con-neok, Mahikan, Mahican
Molala:                 Latiwe
Mono:                   Monache
Moratoc:                Nottoway
Mosopelea:              Ofom
Munsee:                 Minasinink
Nanticoke:              Unalachtgo
Navajo:                 Diné, Dineh, Tenuai, Navaho
Nez Perce:              Nee-me-poo, Nimipu, Kamuinu, Tsutpeli, Sahaptin, Chopunnish
Nisga'a:                Tsimshian
Nootka:                 Nuu-chah-nulth
Northern Ojibwa:        Saulteaux, Sauteux
Nuu-chah-nulth:         Nootka
Ogallala:               Okandanda
Ojibwa:                 Chippewa, Anishinabe, Missisauga, Saginaw
Okanagon:               Isonkuaili
Oneida:                 Iroquois 
Onondaga:               Iroquois
Oohenupa:               Two Kettle, Oohenonpa
Osage:                  Wa-Shah-She, Wakon, Wazhazhe
Ottawa:                 Adawe
Otto:                   Chewaerae
Oulaouaes:              Necariages
Oweekeno:               Kwakiutl, Oweehena
Pacheenaht:             Nootka
Paiute:                 Numa, Nuwuvi, Kuyuiticutta
Papagos:                Tohono O'odham, Ak-chin, Yohono Au'autam
Parianuc:               White River Utes
Passamaquoddy:          Peskedemakddi
Patchogue:              Unkechaug
Pawnee:                 Pariki, Panyi, Chahiksichahiks, Ckirihki Kuruuriki, Awah.i 
Pechanga:               Luiseño 
Pecos:                  Pueblos from Jemez
Pend d'Oreilles:        Kalispel
Penobscot:              Pannawanbskek, Penaubsket
Petun:                  Khionontateronon, Tionontati 
Piegan:                 Blood, Kainai, Pikuni, Pigunni, Ahpikuni
Pima:                   Onk Akimel Au-authm, Akimel O'odham, A-atam, Akimul Au'autam, Tohono O'odham (incorrectly)   
Piro:                   Tortuga 
Pit River:              Achomawi, Atsugewi
Poosepatuck:            Unkechaug
Pyramid Lake Paiute:    Kuyuidokado
Quapaw:                 Quapah, Akansea, Ouaguapas
Quechan:                Yuma
Quileute:               Quil-leh-ute
Quinault:               Qui-nai-elts
Sac and Fox:            Sauk, Asakiwaki, Meshkwakihug, Fox
Sahwnee:                Shawadasay 
Salish:                 Okinagan, Slathead
Saanich:                Pauquachin, Tsawout, Tsartlip, Tseycum, Malahat
Sans Arc:               Itazipco
Santee:                 Sisseton
Saponi:                 Monasukapanough
Scioto:                 (Five Nations of the Scioto Plains) Shawnee, Wyandot, Delaware, Munsee, Seneca
Seminole:               Ikaniuksalgi, Alachua, Mikasuki
Seneca:                 Iroquois
Serrano:                Cowangachem, Mohineyam, Qawishwallanavetum, Yuhavitam
Shawnee:                Savannah, Chillicothe, Hathawekela, Mequachake, Piqua
Shoshone:               Shoshoni, Snake, Nimi, Tukudeka, Agaidika
Sioux:                  Brule, Dakota, Hunkpapa, Isanyati, Itazipco, Lakota, Mnikawozu, Mnikowoju, Nakota,
                               Ocheti Shakowin, Oglala, Oohenunpa, Sicangu, Sihasapa, Teton, Titunwan
Sissipahaw:             Haw
Skagit:                 Humaluh
Skoskomish:             Twana
Squinamish:             Swinomish
Slotas:                 Red River Metis 
Songish:                Lkungen
Southern Paiute:        Numa
St.Francis:             Abenaki
St. Mary's Indian Band: A’qam, Ktunaxa 
St.Regis Mohawk:        Akwesasne, Kaniengehage
Stockbridge:            Mahican
Snuneymuxw:             Nanaimo
Susquehanna:            Susquehannock, Conestoga, Minqua, Andaste.
Taidnapam:              Upper Cowlitz
Taviwac:                Uncompahgre Ute 
Tejas:                  Hasinai, Cenis
Tenino:                 Melilema
Teton:                  Brule, Hunkpapa, Itazipco, Mnikowoju, Oglala, Oohenunpa, Sicangu, Sihasapa, Titunwan
Tewa:                   Pueblo, Nambe, Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, San Juan, Santa Clara, Tesuque
Thompson:               Nlaka'pamux
Tigua:                  Pueblo, Tiwa, Tortuga
Tillamook:              Killamuck
Timucua:                Utina,Acuera
T'it'kit:               Lillooet
Tiwa:                   Pueblo, Tortuga
Tlaoquiaht:             Clayoquot
Tlatlasikwala:          Nuwitti
Tobacco:                Khionontateronon, Tionontati
Toltec:                 Chiaimeca Mochanecatoca
Tonkawa:                Titskan Watitch, Titskanwatitch, Tonkaweya
Tubatulabal:            Bahkanapul, Kern River
Tunica:                 Yoron
Tuscarora:              Skarure, Iroquois, Coree
Tututni:                Tolowa
Twana:                  Tuadhu
Two Kettle:             Oohenonpa, Oohenupa
Umpqua:                 Etnemitane
Uncompahgre Ute:        Taviwac
Upper Chehalis:         Kwaiailk
Upper Sioux:            Sisseton, Wahpeton
Ute:                    Noochi, Notch, Nuciu, Yamparka, Parianuc, Taviwac, Wiminuc, Kapota, Muwac, Cumumba, 
                                Tumpanuwac, Uinta-ats, Pahvant, San Pitch, and Sheberetch 
Viejas:                 Quimi
Wampanoag:              Pokanoket
Warm Springs:           Tilkuni
Wasco:                  Galasquo
Watlala:                Katlagakya
Whilkut:                Redwood Indians
Winnebago:              Winipig
Wichita:                Kitikiti'sh, Wia Chitch (Choctaw word)
Winik:                  Maya
Wishram:                Ilaxluit, Tlakluit
Wyandot:                Huron, Talamatans
Yakama:                 Waptailmin, Pakiutlema, Yakima
Yaqui:                  Yoeme, Surem, Hiakim
Yazoo:                  Chakchiuma
Yoncalla:               Tchayankeld
Yuchi:                  Chisa
Yuma:                   Quechan, Euqchan
Zuni:                   Ashiwi, Taa Ashiwani



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